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＊シャドーイング練習の部分は青字で表記してあります。 要約クイズの答 1 venture capital 2 innovate 3 ordinary 4 a problem
＊紫部分は放送されていません。
The word we are focusing on today is “liberal.” Here’s the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of “liberal” when used as an adjective.
①liberal（OED）
The word liberal means:
♪ ｗilling to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one’s own; open to new ideas ♪
be willing to ～ 快く～する、嫌がらず～する behavior/behaviour 行動、行い（通常単数形） be different from ～ ～と異なっている be open to～ ～に開かれている、～を歓迎する
In a political context, liberal means to favor policies that are socially progressive and promote social welfare. Relating to or denoting a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise. When capitalized, Liberal then signifies the Liberal party or (in the UK) the Liberal Democrat Party.
favour / favor v. = prefer お気に入りの物として考える(consider as the favorite) denote 示す
philosophy 哲学、〔知識の体系の〕根本原理、〔人生の根底にある〕指針、信条、価値観、悟りの境地、〔大学の〕人文科学◆医学、法学、神学を除く全ての学科を指す。
free enterprise〔政府からの規制がほとんどない〕自由企業（体制）
And in education, liberal means concerned with broadening a person’s general knowledge and experience, rather than with technical or professional training.
be concerned with に関心がある broaden 広げる rather than ～ ～というよりむしろ
When on the topic of theology, “liberal” means to regard many traditional beliefs as dispensable(, invalidated by modern thought, or liable to change).
theology 神学
regard A as B AをBとみなす dispensable なくても済む［困らない］、重要でない= more than you need and therefore not necessary; that can be got rid of ←→ indispensable 欠くことのできない、絶対必要な invalidate 無効にする a. invalid (法的に)無効な、病弱な be liable to～ ≒ be likely to ～ ~しそうである、～しがちである、～する傾向にある
神学にかかわることでは、リベラルは従来の多くの信条を重要ではないとみなすこと (現代の思考により無効にされて変えられがちなので、)を意味する。
STARTUP
The word “startup” is familiar to almost anyone. In the popular imagination, a startup is financially backed by venture capital and is guided by a mission to innovate and disrupt a business process that has become so ordinary that few people bother to entertain the idea of making it better. Many ideas for startups begin with a problem. Take for example, how terrible it is to get a taxi ride in most cities and towns. Then by leveraging the power of networked devices and the internet, we all saw the birth of Uber.
venture capital ベンチャー・キャピタル◆ベンチャービジネス（新興企業や中小企業）に投資する会社またはその資本。
leverage 借り入れ資本を利用して～に投機を行なう. てこの力
STARTUP Example sentences:
- I’m working for a tech startup in San Francisco. サンフランシスコのテクノロジー関係のスタートアップ（新規事業）で働いています。
- Two years ago, I invested in a mobile app startup, but it went bust. 2年前に携帯アプリのスタートアップ（新規事業）に投資しましたが、つぶれてしまいました。 go bust 財政的に破綻する
- So, would you like to invest in my startup? 私のスタートアップ（新規事業）に投資しませんか。
Now that startup culture has maturated, the connotation for this word can vary greatly depending on who’s in the conversation. A startup that is fully funded with a strong board and a talented team could be the next Uber, Instagram or TikTok. Whereas a startup that doesn’t have any of those elements I just mentioned, could be bleeding money, led by a disillusioned founder, and bitter employees looking to pivot to a better work situation.
maturate 成熟する connotation 含み、内包的意味 vary 異なる depending on ～ ～によって fund 資金を供給する whereas ≒while 一方～だが、 bleed money お金を流出する ＊bleedは出血する disillusioned founder 幻滅した創業者 bitter employees 不満を持った従業員 pivot ①回転軸 ②企業経営における方向転換・路線変更 a significant business change
What Is Venture Capital?
Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity and a type of financing that investors provide to startup companies and small businesses that are believed to have long-term growth potential. Venture capital generally comes from well-off investors, investment banks, and any other financial institutions. However, it does not always take a monetary form; it can also be provided in the form of technical or managerial expertise. Venture capital is typically allocated to small companies with exceptional growth potential, or to companies that have grown quickly and appear poised to continue to expand.
Though it can be risky for investors who put up funds, the potential for above-average returns is an attractive payoff. For new companies or ventures that have a limited operating history (under two years), venture capital funding is increasingly becoming a popular – even essential – source for raising capital, especially if they lack access to capital markets, bank loans, or other debt instruments. The main downside is that the investors usually get equity in the company, and, thus, a say in company decisions.
